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Physical Therapy Guide to Above-Knee Amputation (Transfemoral Amputation)
Lower-limb amputation is a surgical procedure performed to remove a limb that has been damaged due to trauma, disease, or congenital defect.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Achilles Tendinopathy
Achilles tendinopathy is an irritation of the Achilles tendon. Achilles tendon pain is one of the most common types of pain felt behind the heel and up the back of the ankle when walking or running.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Acromioclavicular Joint (AC Joint) Injuries
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Injury is a term used to describe an injury to the top of the shoulder where the front of the shoulder blade (acromion) attaches to the collarbone (clavicle).
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Physical Therapy Guide to Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive condition. It damages brain cells and affects how we speak, think, move, and deal with other people. It can lead to a decline in memory and the ability to perform daily activities.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Ankle Fracture
An ankle fracture occurs when a bone on 1 or both sides of the ankle is partially or completely broken. Most ankle fractures are caused by twisting injuries and falls, or injuries experienced during sports or play. Your physical therapist will work with you to safely put weight on your ankle, and begin treatment to help you return to your normal activity.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Ankle Impingement
Ankle impingement occurs when either soft or bony tissues are compressed within the ankle joint at the extreme end of a motion, such as pointing the foot sharply downward
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Physical Therapy Guide to Ankle Sprain
Ankle sprains are common injuries that occur when the foot twists or turns beyond its normal range of movement, causing the ligaments of the ankle to overstretch or tear.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease that causes pain and stiffness in the spine, pelvis, and other joints, like the hips, knees, feet, and shoulders. Physical therapists help people with AS maintain productive lives by working with them to increase their strength, muscle flexibility, and joint mobility, and to improve their posture.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear
An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is an injury to the knee commonly affecting athletes, such as soccer players, basketball players, skiers, and gymnasts. Once an ACL tear has been diagnosed, you will work with your surgeon and physical therapist to decide if you should have surgery, or if you can recover without surgery.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Athletic Pubalgia — Core Muscle Injury
Athletic pubalgia (core muscle injury) is often misleadingly called a sports hernia. It is a condition that mainly affects athletes who play soccer, hockey, football, and rugby, and who run track. Physical therapists help people with core muscle injury improve strength and flexibility in the abdominal muscles and hips, and help them safely return to their desired sport or activities.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability. It results in social, communication, and behavior challenges. Symptoms of ASD vary from mild to severe. Physical therapists help children with ASD gain their full potential.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Balance Problems
Balance problems make it difficult for people to maintain stable and upright positions when standing, walking, and even sitting. Physical therapists develop individualized physical activity plans to help improve the strength, stability, and mobility of people with balance problems.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Bed Sore (Pressure Ulcer)
A pressure ulcer, sometimes called a "bed sore," is a skin injury that usually happens when people are very ill for a long period of time and are not able to change their position in a bed or a chair. Physical therapists are skilled in wound care.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Bell's Palsy
Bell’s palsy is a form of temporary facial paralysis that can affect a person’s daily function, communication with others, self-esteem, and quality of life.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Below-Knee Amputation (Transtibial Amputation)
Transtibial amputation, or below-knee amputation, is a surgical procedure performed to fully remove a lower limb that has been damaged due to trauma, congenital defect, or disease.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Benign Hypermobility Joint Syndrome
Benign hypermobility joint syndrome (BHJS) is a hereditary disorder of the connective tissues (ligaments) that results in joints becoming loose throughout the body (hypermobility). Physical therapists help those with the syndrome develop strategies to increase joint stability, reduce pain, and improve function.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is an inner-ear problem that causes short periods of dizziness when your head is moved in certain positions. Most cases of BPPV can be managed with treatment by a physical therapist.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Biceps Tendinitis
Biceps tendinitis is a common cause of shoulder pain and impingement (compression of tissue with movement), often developing in people who perform repetitive, overhead movements.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Biceps Tendon Rupture
A biceps tendon rupture occurs when the biceps muscle is torn from the bone at the point of attachment (tendon) to the shoulder or elbow.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Blount’s Disease
Blount’s disease is a growth disorder affecting the shin bone, also called the tibia, and is characterized by the lower leg turning inward, causing the leg to appear bowed below the knee.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Bunion (Hallux Valgus)
A bunion (hallux valgus) is a bony bump on the side of the foot that develops at the base of the big toe.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Calf Strain
A calf strain is an injury to the muscles in the back of your leg, below the knee.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Cancer
Cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the body that causes the destruction of normal, healthy cells. Cancer and cancer-related treatments can cause physical problems. These problems can include pain, numbness, swelling, weakness, loss of balance, and difficulty moving or walking. Physical therapists help people manage cancer-related problems, improve their health and function, and return to work and other activities.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition of the wrist and hand that can affect the use of the whole arm. Fortunately for most people who develop CTS, physical therapist treatment can often relieve pain and numbness and restore normal use of the hand, wrist, and arm without the need for surgery.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy is a term that describes a group of disorders affecting the normal development of movement and posture. CP is caused by injury to the brain that occurs before, during, or up to two years after birth. These injuries can include infection, stroke, trauma, or the loss of oxygen. Damage to the brain does not get worse after the initial injury. However, the ability to do day-to-day activities that are affected by the injury can worsen as a person grows. Physical therapists are experts in helping people with CP improve their physical functions.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Cervical Radiculopathy
Cervical radiculopathy is often referred to as a pinched nerve in the neck. It is characterized by radiating pain from the neck to the shoulder, shoulder blade, arm, or hand. A physical therapist can help alleviate the acute neck and arm symptoms that result from the condition, as well as improve general strength and function. Most cases of cervical radiculopathy are resolved with physical therapy and do not require surgery.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Childhood Leukemia
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood-forming cells found in bone marrow (the soft center of most long bones in the body). Physical therapists help children with leukemia maintain their strength, endurance, and physical function, while reducing some of the effects of cancer treatment.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome is a condition categorized by generalized fatigue that persists for 6 months or longer, and is more intense than would be expected based on the effort a person regularly exerts. Because fatigue, pain, and weakness are all associated with CFS, physical therapist treatment will likely focus on improving short-term endurance and strength.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes breathing difficulty and leads to other systemic problems. Physical therapists can work with your pulmonary rehabilitation team or with you individually to help improve your exercise capacity, overall strength, and health and quality of life.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Chronic Pain Syndromes
Chronic pain is a condition that occurs when the brain concludes there is a threat to a person's well-being based on the many signals it receives from the body. This condition can and often does occur independently of any actual body tissue damage (due to injury or illness), and beyond normal tissue healing time. Physical therapists work together with chronic pain patients to lessen their pain, and restore their activity to the highest possible levels
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Physical Therapy Guide to Collarbone Fracture (Clavicle Fracture)
Clavicle fracture is a common shoulder injury, making up 4% of all fracture types and 35% of all shoulder injuries.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Compartment Syndrome
Compartment syndrome is a serious medical condition that occurs when there is increased pressure in the muscular compartment of the limbs. Physical therapy can be effective to help identify the factors that may influence the development of compartment syndrome.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
CRPS generally arises from a minor injury to an arm or leg, such as a scrape, sprain, or strain, that has had enough time to heal. It can result in the syndrome defined as being complex, regional (limited to one region of the body), and painful. Around 80,000 people are diagnosed with CRPS in the United States each year. A team approach that includes care from doctors, psychologists, and physical therapists is recommended for treating CRPS.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Concussion
Concussion is a traumatic brain injury that can cause lasting effects on brain tissue and change the chemical balance of the brain.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Container Baby Syndrome
A “container baby” is a newborn baby or young infant who is placed in a container, such as a car seat or stroller, for an excessive amount of time in a given day. A physical therapist can design an individualized treatment plan to address the problems of a container baby, and help build strength, restore movement, and address skeletal deformities.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common nerve compression occurring in the arm. (Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common.)
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Physical Therapy Guide to Cuboid Syndrome
Cuboid syndrome is a condition caused by a problem with the cuboid bone, producing pain on the outer side, and possibly underside, of the foot.
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Physical Therapy Guide to De Quervain’s Tendinitis
De Quervain’s (dih-kwer-VAINS) tendinitis is a condition that causes pain and tenderness at the thumb side of the wrist, at the base of the thumb and forearm. Your physical therapist will review and evaluate how you use your hand and wrist for functional activity. Your physical therapist will try to help you identify what activities or positions that you use that may contribute to the problem
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Physical Therapy Guide to Degenerative Disk Disease
Degenerative disk disease (DDD) can be one cause of back and neck pain. However, DDD is part of the natural aging process, like getting gray hair, and in many cases is not painful at all.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Developmental Coordination Disorder
Developmental coordination disorder affects about 5% to 6% of school-aged children. More than 1 million children in the U.S. have the disorder. Children with DCD have a hard time with activities requiring movement skills and coordination, like riding a bike, playing sports, and skipping, running, or jumping. They may take longer to finish school tasks, such as handwriting or using objects like crayons. Physical therapists help children with DCD improve their muscle strength, coordination, and balance, and help them learn skills to better participate in school and childhood activities.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Developmental Delay
Developmental delay describes the behavior of young children whose development in key mental and physical areas is slower than other children of the same age. The delay can be in any of a number of areas of development, such as movement (motor control), speaking, thinking, playing, or self-care skills.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Diabetes
Diabetes is a condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin. It can also occur when the cells in the body do not react normally to insulin. With diabetes, the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood becomes too high. High blood sugar can cause many health problems. Physical therapists help people with diabetes improve or avoid related problems.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Diastasis Rectus Abdominis
Diastasis rectus abdominis is a separation of the left and right sides of the outermost abdominal (stomach) muscle. Physical therapists help adults with DRA manage their symptoms, improve their strength and stamina, and safely return to their regular activities.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Discoid Meniscus
A discoid meniscus is an abnormally shaped piece of cartilage in the knee joint. Approximately 3% to 5% of the United States population are born with a discoid meniscus. Physical therapists diagnose and treat discoid meniscus before and/or after any surgery needed.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Dizziness
Dizziness is a common problem, especially among older adults. It is often described as a feeling of spinning, floating, or lightheadedness. A physical therapist can treat most dizziness and balance problems.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Down Syndrome
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder in which babies are born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. Physical therapists work with individuals with Down syndrome from infancy through adulthood to help them function at their maximum potential and lead healthy, productive lives.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Elbow Bursitis
Elbow (olecranon) bursitis, commonly known as "baker’s elbow," "student’s elbow," or "Popeye elbow," involves swelling at the tip of the elbow, on the back of the arm.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Elbow Fracture
An elbow fracture is a bone break that occurs in the middle of the arm, in the area of the elbow joint.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Falls
Falls and a fear of falling can diminish your ability to lead a full and independent life. Although 1 in every 4 older adults falls each year, falling is not a part of normal aging. Based on the evaluation results, your physical therapist will design a plan that is tailored to your needs. Your treatment plan may include balance training.
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Physical Therapy Guide to Female Athlete Triad
Female athlete triad (triad) is a syndrome that can manifest across a broad spectrum, but involves the interrelationship between 3 measurable factors: (1) how much energy a woman has available to use for activity (energy availability), (2) the quality and strength of her bones (bone mineral density), and (3) her menstrual cycle.
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